ETHICS AND VALUES I
I am Ana Lilia Acosta Patoni, your Teacher, and it is a pleasure to meet you!
Welcome to this site of our Ethics and Values Course I
Browse this site and I am sure we will learn so much together!
The General OBJECTIVES:
Develop reflection as basic element for decision making and the relationship of the individual to
society, to identify problems to their immediate surroundings reflect on possible solutions with an invidious position, critical and sympathetic, in an atmosphere of tolerance, respect and
solidarity.
In this course we will learn to answer questions like: What should I do?
Is it right or wrong?
What is the best way to live and what is the fair way to live in relationship with oneself and with others?
We will learn to understand and expand our consciousness.
It will
be less difficult to choose the correct thing to do when we are in front of a
dilemma and we do not know what to do… according to our principles, values and
ethics. We will understand better why other people behave differently, because
they are probably from another culture or another country?
We will , for example, get to know the value of “respect”: Respect is to know the worth
and honor the courage of others is the true way to earn respect. Respect is the recognition of the inherent worth and innate rights of individuals and society.
With the understanding of the self is experienced the true self-respect…
So, are you ready to start this wonderful experience?
YES!
Let´s start! Here we go!
OBJECTIVES : Develop reflection as basic element for decision making and the relationship of the individual to society, to identify problems to their immediate surroundings reflect on possible solutions with an invidious position, critical and sympathetic, in an atmosphere of tolerance, respect and solidarity.
1. - Ethics as a
|
2. - Specific problems related to the practice of values that occur at local and national level.2.1. Moral judgment
2.2. The ethical problem 2.3. Decision, thought,and action congruence. 2.4. Autonomy and heteronomy 2.5. - Classification and hierarchy values 2.6. Virtues 2.7. Liberty, equality, justice and prudence |
3. - Respect for human rights.
3.1. Society, the state and democracy
3.2. Characterization of democracy 3.3. Obstacles to democracy 3.4. Rule of law and legality 3.5 Right to life, property and liberty 3.6. Undemocratic practices 3.7. Characterization of Human Rights. |
4. - The importance of respecting national identity to the phenomena associated with globalization4.1. Culture.
4.2. Individual and collective identity 4.3. Multiculturalism and interculturalism 4.4. The diversity of cultural events in Mexico |
1. - Ethics as a philosophical discipline.
1. - Ethics as a philosophical discipline.
1.1. Ethics and Philosophy
ETHICS is the study of values, of how we ought to live.
• Denotes systematic, rational reflection upon a particular behavior.
• a system of moral principles
VALUES - Are defined as standards or ideals which serve as guides or standards (principles) by which we live and make decisions .
MORALS . . . practical applications of ethical principles. . . . modes of conduct Moral standards exist in the consciousness of each of us
The moral codes are not the same as legal codes. The moral standards adn legal laws sometimes have opposite contents.
Moral codes are diverse and changing over time. A difference between the moral and legal laws is that compliance with a legal bill refers on consideration of the consequences by law.
CONSCIENCE is the notion we have of sensations, thoughts and feelings that are experienced at a particular time. It is the understanding of our environment and the inner world to the other.
We are the result of our actions.
EXAMPLES OF NON-MORAL AND MORAL
MORAL.- as a policy.-
We call the set of moral rules to regulate human behavior in terms of the general good
Examples: 1.-The rules and institutions, 2.- rules.
MORAL .- as description.-
It functions as an adjective is attributed to a subject property to reattach rules conducive to the general good
Examples: 1.- To have good relations with everyone. Give respect and welcome, accepted, having a family, participate in elections, etc.
INMORAL.-
It is attributed to a subject property to violate moral norms
Examples: steal, kill, throw garbage in inappropriate places, hitting, do unseemply things on public roads
NO MORAL: Nothing to do with Ethics and morality.-
AMORAL:
Applies who lacks discretion to distinguish what is right from what is wrong,
Examples: children, mentally ill.
What is Ethics?
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the study of rational morality, virtue, duty, happiness and good living.
We understand Ethics as a philosophical discipline that studies the moral of the people. as a philosophical discipline that seeks
the best way to live and act in relation to self and others.
What is Ethics? Ethics is the branch of study dealing with what is the proper course of action for man. It answers the question, "What do I do?" It is the study of right and wrong in human endeavors. At a more fundamental level, it is the method by which we categorize our values and pursue them. Do we pursue our own happiness, or do we sacrifice ourselves to a greater cause? Is that foundation of ethics based on the Bible, or on the very nature of man himself, or neither?
Each group of people or culture has their own moral codes
One difference between Ethics and morals is that: Ethics refers to philosophical knowledge about human actions while morality is brought to the convictions or beliefs holding a particular group of people.
When we refer to the philosophic study of the actions of the people, we are talking about Ethics.
Among the fields that Philosophy studies, we find: Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Philosophy, Metaphysics, Ontology, Materialism, Idealism, Cosmology, Aesthetics, Deductive reasoning, Inductive reasoning,
Metaphysics Study of Existence What's out there? Is the study of what sorts of things exist and how they are ordered, at the most general level. It is a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world.
Epistemology Study of Knowledge How do I know about it?
Ethics Study of Action What should I do? Is the branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions. It is concerned about questions of how we ought to live and behave.
Politics Study of Force What actions are permissible?
Esthetics Study of Art What can life be like?
Philosophy comes from the Greek "love wisdom" it is concerned with questions of ultimate value.
Ontology is the study of the categories of things that exist or may exist in some domain.
Idealism is the philosophical theory that thnks that the world takes places entirely within our mind. Outside of that, nothing exists.
Cosmology is the academic discipline that seeks to understan the origin, evolution, structure, and ultimate fate of the Universe at large, as well as the natural laws that keep it in order.
Logic is the study of the priciple of correct reasoning. The reasoning is usually classified as "Deductive" or "Inductive"
1.1. Ethics and Philosophy
ETHICS is the study of values, of how we ought to live.
• Denotes systematic, rational reflection upon a particular behavior.
• a system of moral principles
VALUES - Are defined as standards or ideals which serve as guides or standards (principles) by which we live and make decisions .
MORALS . . . practical applications of ethical principles. . . . modes of conduct Moral standards exist in the consciousness of each of us
The moral codes are not the same as legal codes. The moral standards adn legal laws sometimes have opposite contents.
Moral codes are diverse and changing over time. A difference between the moral and legal laws is that compliance with a legal bill refers on consideration of the consequences by law.
CONSCIENCE is the notion we have of sensations, thoughts and feelings that are experienced at a particular time. It is the understanding of our environment and the inner world to the other.
We are the result of our actions.
EXAMPLES OF NON-MORAL AND MORAL
MORAL.- as a policy.-
We call the set of moral rules to regulate human behavior in terms of the general good
Examples: 1.-The rules and institutions, 2.- rules.
MORAL .- as description.-
It functions as an adjective is attributed to a subject property to reattach rules conducive to the general good
Examples: 1.- To have good relations with everyone. Give respect and welcome, accepted, having a family, participate in elections, etc.
INMORAL.-
It is attributed to a subject property to violate moral norms
Examples: steal, kill, throw garbage in inappropriate places, hitting, do unseemply things on public roads
NO MORAL: Nothing to do with Ethics and morality.-
AMORAL:
Applies who lacks discretion to distinguish what is right from what is wrong,
Examples: children, mentally ill.
What is Ethics?
Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with the study of rational morality, virtue, duty, happiness and good living.
We understand Ethics as a philosophical discipline that studies the moral of the people. as a philosophical discipline that seeks
the best way to live and act in relation to self and others.
What is Ethics? Ethics is the branch of study dealing with what is the proper course of action for man. It answers the question, "What do I do?" It is the study of right and wrong in human endeavors. At a more fundamental level, it is the method by which we categorize our values and pursue them. Do we pursue our own happiness, or do we sacrifice ourselves to a greater cause? Is that foundation of ethics based on the Bible, or on the very nature of man himself, or neither?
Each group of people or culture has their own moral codes
One difference between Ethics and morals is that: Ethics refers to philosophical knowledge about human actions while morality is brought to the convictions or beliefs holding a particular group of people.
When we refer to the philosophic study of the actions of the people, we are talking about Ethics.
Among the fields that Philosophy studies, we find: Epistemology, Logic, Ethics, Philosophy, Metaphysics, Ontology, Materialism, Idealism, Cosmology, Aesthetics, Deductive reasoning, Inductive reasoning,
Metaphysics Study of Existence What's out there? Is the study of what sorts of things exist and how they are ordered, at the most general level. It is a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the fundamental nature of being and the world.
Epistemology Study of Knowledge How do I know about it?
Ethics Study of Action What should I do? Is the branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions. It is concerned about questions of how we ought to live and behave.
Politics Study of Force What actions are permissible?
Esthetics Study of Art What can life be like?
Philosophy comes from the Greek "love wisdom" it is concerned with questions of ultimate value.
Ontology is the study of the categories of things that exist or may exist in some domain.
Idealism is the philosophical theory that thnks that the world takes places entirely within our mind. Outside of that, nothing exists.
Cosmology is the academic discipline that seeks to understan the origin, evolution, structure, and ultimate fate of the Universe at large, as well as the natural laws that keep it in order.
Logic is the study of the priciple of correct reasoning. The reasoning is usually classified as "Deductive" or "Inductive"
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
TOP TEN QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD ASK YOURSELF WHEN MAKING AN ETHICAL DECISION
1.Would I do this in front of my mother? If you wouldn't, don't do it.
2. Does this choice lead to the greatest good for the greatest number? If it doesn't, don't do it
3. How will it make me feel about myself? If it's lousy, don't do it.
4. Is it just, balanced, and fair? If it isn't, don't do it.
5. If something terrible were to happen, could I defend my actions? If you can't, don't do it.
6. Will this stand the test of public scrutiny? If it won't, don't do it.
7. Is it the right thing to do? If it isn't, don't do it.
8. Is it safe? If it isn't, don't do it.
9. Is it legal? If it isn't, don't do it.
10. Could the decision become habit forming? If so, don't do it.
TOP TEN QUESTIONS YOU SHOULD ASK YOURSELF WHEN MAKING AN ETHICAL DECISION
1.Would I do this in front of my mother? If you wouldn't, don't do it.
2. Does this choice lead to the greatest good for the greatest number? If it doesn't, don't do it
3. How will it make me feel about myself? If it's lousy, don't do it.
4. Is it just, balanced, and fair? If it isn't, don't do it.
5. If something terrible were to happen, could I defend my actions? If you can't, don't do it.
6. Will this stand the test of public scrutiny? If it won't, don't do it.
7. Is it the right thing to do? If it isn't, don't do it.
8. Is it safe? If it isn't, don't do it.
9. Is it legal? If it isn't, don't do it.
10. Could the decision become habit forming? If so, don't do it.
KEY FIGURES ·
The origins of ethical inquiry start with Plato and Aristotle in Ancient Greece.
SOCRATES
470-399
He said that he did not teach, but rather served, like his mother, as a midwife to truth that is already in us!
Making use of questions and answers to remind his students of knowledge is called maieutics (midwifery), dialectics.
He said: "I only know that I know nothing"
He said that he did not teach, but rather served, like his mother, as a midwife to truth that is already in us!
Making use of questions and answers to remind his students of knowledge is called maieutics (midwifery), dialectics.
He said: "I only know that I know nothing"
PLATO
(437-347)
He can be understood as idealistic and rationalistic, much like Pythagorus but much less mystical. He divides reality into two: On the one hand we have ontos, idea or ideal. This is ultimate reality, permanent, eternal, spiritual. On the other hand, there’s “phenomena”, which is a manifestation of the ideal.
Phenomena are appearances -- things as they seem to us -- and are associated with matter, time, and space.
He said: “Necessity is the mother of invention.”
He can be understood as idealistic and rationalistic, much like Pythagorus but much less mystical. He divides reality into two: On the one hand we have ontos, idea or ideal. This is ultimate reality, permanent, eternal, spiritual. On the other hand, there’s “phenomena”, which is a manifestation of the ideal.
Phenomena are appearances -- things as they seem to us -- and are associated with matter, time, and space.
He said: “Necessity is the mother of invention.”
ARISTOTLE
384-322
He was born in a small Greek colony in Thrace called Stagira. His father was a physician and served the grandfather of Alexander the Great. Presumably, it was his father who taught him to take an interest in the details of natural life.
He suggests that the ideal is found “inside” the phenomena, the universals“inside” the particulars. He invented modern logic.
He was born in a small Greek colony in Thrace called Stagira. His father was a physician and served the grandfather of Alexander the Great. Presumably, it was his father who taught him to take an interest in the details of natural life.
He suggests that the ideal is found “inside” the phenomena, the universals“inside” the particulars. He invented modern logic.
RENE DESCARTES
The inventor of the Cartesian coordinate system, He founded analytic geometry, the bridge between algebra and geometry, crucial to the invention of calculus and analysis
His most famous statement is: “Cogito ergo sum” English: I think; therefore I am”
His most famous statement is: “Cogito ergo sum” English: I think; therefore I am”
VALUES
Values are that which we seek to achieve or maintain according to our life as the standard of evaluation. Values are the motive power behind purposeful action. They are the ends to which we act. Without them, life would be impossible. Life requires self-generated action to sustain itself. Without values, one could not act, and death would follow.
Value specifies a relationship between a person and a goal. A value requires a valuer--a particular person who aims to achieve or maintain something. An object cannot have value in itself. Value is relational, and so requires a person and a goal. The goal to which one aims is called the "value", but the relationship is always required. This means an object cannot be a value in itself. It only gains the title of value when a person acts to achieve or maintain it.
Values are essential to ethics. Ethics is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions. Ethics evaluates those actions, and the values
that underlies them. It determines which values should be pursued, and which shouldn't. Ethics is a code of values.
.
VALUESSome values here in pdf
|
ANTIVALUESSome anti-values here.
|
Are you a respectful person?
Are You a Respectful Person?
(Take this self-evaluation and decide for yourself.)
I treat other people the way I want to be treated.
I am considerate of other people.
I treat people with courtesy, and dignity.
I accept personal differences.
I work to solve problems without violence.
I never intentionally ridicule, embarrass, or hurt others.
I think I am/am not a respectful person because:
___________________
.
(Take this self-evaluation and decide for yourself.)
I treat other people the way I want to be treated.
I am considerate of other people.
I treat people with courtesy, and dignity.
I accept personal differences.
I work to solve problems without violence.
I never intentionally ridicule, embarrass, or hurt others.
I think I am/am not a respectful person because:
___________________
.